FCE. UNIT 2. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Gerunds and Infinitives

CUANDO UN VERBO TIENE FUNCIÓN DE SUJETO >

INFINITIVO CON “TO”O GERUNDIO

Playing basketball takes up too much of her time.

To play basketball for UConn is her favourite fantasy.

CUANDO UN VERBO TIENE FUNCIÓN DE OBJETO>

INFINITIVO CON “TO”O GERUNDIO

Her favorite fantasy is to play basketball for UConn.

Her favorite fantasy is playing basketball for UConn.

DETRÁS DE UN SUSTANTIVO

> INFINITIVO CON “TO

Her desire to play basketball for UConn became an obsession.

I could never understand her desire to play basketball for UConn.

Ejemplos de sustantivos

advice appeal command decision desire fact instruction motivation	opportunity order permission plan possibility preparation proposal recommendation	refusal reminder request requirement suggestion tendency wish

DETRÁS DE UN ADJETIVO >

INFINITIVO CON “TO”

She was hesitant to tell the coach of her plan.

She was reluctant to tell her parents, also.

But she would not have been content to play high school ball forever.

Ejemplos de adjetivos

ahead amazed anxious apt ashamed bound careful certain content delighted

determined disappointed eager eligible fortunate glad happy hesitant liable likely

lucky pleased proud ready reluctant sad shocked sorry surprised upset

DETRÁS DE UNA PREPOSICIÓN

> + GERUNDIO

a. She wrote a newspaper article about dealing with college recruiters.

b. She thanked her coach for helping her to deal with the pressure.

Two prepositions, except and but, will sometimes take an infinitive.

a. The committee had no choice except to elect Frogbellow chairperson.

b. What is left for us but to pack up our belongings and leave?

CUANDO TIENEN FUNCIÓN DE OBJETO DIRECTO >

GERUNDIO, INFINITIVO CON “TO”O INFINITIVO SIN “TO”, SEGÚN GRUPO

GRUPO 1 : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE INFINITIVOCON “TO”

Emotion
care desire hate	hate like loathe	love regret yearn
Choice or Intent
agree choose decide decide expect	hope intend need plan prefer	prepare propose refuse want wish
Initiation, Completion, Incompletion >
begin cease commence fail	get hesitate manage neglect	start try undertake
Mental Process
forget know how	learn	remember
Request and Promise
demand offer	promise swear	threaten vow
Intransitives
appear happen	seem	tend
Miscellaneous ( = otros)
afford arrange	claim continue	pretend wait

GRUPO II : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE PRONOMBRE + INFINITIVO CON “TO”

Example : I begged him to let me the flan.

Communication
advise ask* beg* challenge command convince	forbid invite order permit persuade promise*	remind require tell warn urge
Instruction
encourage help	instruct teach	train
Causing
allow cause choose	force get hire	need* would like*
Miscellaneous
dare* expect*	trust prepare*	want*

GRUPO III: VERBOS + GERUNDIO

Initiation, Completion and Incompletion
anticipate avoid begin cease complete	delay finish get through give up postpone	quit risk start stop try
Communication
admit advise deny discuss	encourage mention recommend	report suggest urge
Continuing Action
continue can't help	practice involve	keep keep on
Emotion
appreciate dislike enjoy hate like	love mind don't mind miss prefer	regret can't stand resent resist tolerate
Mental Process
anticipate consider forget	imagine recall remember	see can't see understand

GRUPO IV : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO SIN “TO” (CASI DIFERENCIA DE SENTIDO)

attempt begin continue hate

like love neglect prefer

can't stand stand start

GRUPO V : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO CON “TO” (CON DIFERENCIA DE SENTIDO)

Forget Remember Stop Try Regret Mean

I forgot to lock the door I forgot locking the door I remembered to invite him I remembered inviting him I stopped to talk to him I stopped talking to him I tried to do it but I couldn’t I tried doing it just in case. I regret to tell you that… I regret telling you that… I didn’t mean to hurt you It meant working a lot

Se me olvidó cerrar la puerta Se me olvido que había cerrado la puerta Recordé invitarle Recordé que le había invitado Me paré para hablar con él Paré de hablarle Lo intenté pero no lo conseguí (proeza) Lo intenté por si a caso (experiencia) Lamento decirte que…. Lamento haberte dicho que….. No fue mi intención herirte´. Eso suponía mucho trabajo

GRUPO VI : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE PRONOMBRE + GERUNDIO (acción en curso)

Example: I felt him coming towards me ( sentí como venía hacia mí)

Verbs Involving Senses
feel hear listen to	look at notice observe	overhear see watch

GRUPO VII : VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE PRONOMBRE + INFINITIVO SIN “TO”(acción terminada)

a. We watched him clear the table. (ví como quito la mesa)

b. They heard the thief go through the door. (oyerón como entró el ladrón)

c. We helped her finish the homework. ( la ayudamos a terminar el trabajo)

GRUPO VII: PASSIVE MEANINGS : INFINITIVE CON “TO” O “GERUNDIO” SEGÚN LOS VERBOS

a. Children are made to work hard in Japan ( obligan a los niños a trabajar duro en Japón)

b. You are not allowed to smoke in here (no te està permitido fumar aquí)

c. He is believed to be the criminal ( se cree que él es el criminal)

d. Your car needs cleaning ( Tienes que limpiar el coche)

e. I am not used/accustomed to cleaning ( no estoy acostumbrado a limpiar)

GRUPO VIII: CON ALGUNAS EXPRESIONES IDIOMÁTICAS

a. There is no point in going there . ( no sirve de nada ir allí?

b. It’s worth working hard (merece la pena trabajar duro)

GRUPO IX : EXPRESIONES + INFINITIVO SIN “TO”

a. I’d better go, it’s getting late. (mejor sera que me vaya, se està haciendo tarde)

b. I’d rather do it myself (prefiero hacerlo yo)

c. Let me tell you ( dejame que te diga)

d. Do they make you wear a uniform to school? (Tienes que llevar uniforme en el colegio)

e. I have a decorator paint my flat ( Me pinta el piso un decorador)

f. I got my hair cut ( Me he cortado el pelo)